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POSITION STATEMENTS
> Race, Ethnicity, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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African American and Hispanic communities are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted diseases (STD), and the American Social Health Association (ASHA) believes the STD epidemic in communities of color requires the development of effectively targeted national prevention strategies. Sexually transmitted diseases are fueled by poverty, lack of access to health care, distrust of health systems, inadequate resources, and myriad other social factors and inequities. The coexistence of STDs with other social problems, including unemployment, teenage pregnancy, drug use/distribution and violence often impedes attempts to provide services, particularly since these other problems are often perceived as more compelling than sexual health issues.
The complexity of this problem is exacerbated by our national discomfort in discussing both race and the stigma associated with STDs. Yet the data suggest action is needed:
- African American adolescents and young adults have STD rates that are more than 20 times higher than those in white adolescents.
- Comprehensive chlamydia screening programs for women thus far show higher rates for minority women than for white women.
- Non-white women are nearly three times as likely as white women to be hospitalized with acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) and more than two times as likely to be hospitalized with chronic PID.
- African American women are nearly three times more likely to die of cervical cancer than white women.
- Reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis are about three times higher for Hispanics than for non-Hispanic whites.
Recommendations:
Involve all racial/ethnic communities in STD prevention. including planning, developing, implementing and evaluating programs.
Develop culturally competent/sensitive and linguistically appropriate behavioral interventions for STD and HIV prevention in minority communities.
Integrate STD prevention with other relevant programs through which the affected population has been successfully reached.
Identify methods to overcome potential reporting bias, including increased and improved enforcement of mandatory reporting requirements by private providers to assist in alleviating reporting bias.
For additional information on sexual health and people of color please visit the following sites:
Minority Health and Health Disparities
Office of Minority Health Resource Center
http://www.cdc.gov/omh/
Department of Health and Human Services
http://www.os.dhhs.gov/specificpopulations/index.shtml#ethnic
CDC Office of the Associate Director for Minority Health
http://www.cdc.gov/od/admh/intro.htm
US Dept. of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health
http://www.hrsa.gov/OMH/OMH/main1_overview.HTM
National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities
http://ncmhd.nih.gov/508/
Sexual Health
The American Social Health Association
www.ashastd.org
www.iwannaknow.org (for teens)
The Sexuality Information & Education Council of the United States
http://www.siecus.com/
Association of Reproductive Health Professionals
http://www.arhp.org/
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
http://www.acog.com/
Planned Parenthood Federation of American
http://www.plannedparenthood.org/
Tuskegee Syphilis Study
Tuskegee University National Center for Bioethics in Research and Health Care
http://www.tuskegee.edu/bioethics
CDC Tuskegee Syphilis Study Page
http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/od/tuskegee/index.html
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study Legacy Report
http://hsc.virginia.edu/hs-library/historical/apology/report.html
*The provision of website links on this page are provided for information purposes only. The list should not be viewed as comprehensive, and is not necessarily an endorsement of any particular organization.
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