With HIV, it's usually recommended to wait at least three months after the last potential exposure to test (to give antibodies a chance to develop in detectable quantities), and blood tests for herpes are usually ok 12-16 weeks after exposure. Chlamydia and gonorrhea testing are good fairly quickly, so they are probably fine to check now.

Syphillis blood tests should be done no sooner than three months after a risky encounter. Blood work for Hepatitis B is generally reliable within 9 weeks (most will test accurately in about 4 weeks). Sometimes Hep C is also tested for (usually if the partner is diagnosed, rather than a general "what if?" screening), and the window here is around three months.

Keep in mind the amount of time it takes for a test to be accurate can vary, and many of the tests mentioned above can still be reliable even if one tests more quickly that what is recommended. Conversely, in some cases people don't have detectable antibody levels for longer than you would expect (this can, rarely, occur with HIV). Ask your healthcare provider if you have questions about the accuracy of any of the tests you had, including the specific time frame involved.